Hello, everyone! Welcome back to our session. Today, we’re diving into English grammar tenses. Let’s move on to the next tense!
Present Tense
3.Present Perfect Tense:
sub+have/has+v3+obj
*To express completed activities in the immediate past (with just) used with just for a recent completed action.
eg:I have just sipped tea.
The Chairman has just gone to his office.
*In present perfect tense the following words will appear usually.
Just,just now,till now,so far,this week,this sunday,this year,recently,never,today yet etc.
*To express past events when the focus is more on their effect in the present than on the action itself.
eg:We have joined Unacademy(We are sure to improve our spoken skills)
*To express past action whose time is not given and not definite(used for past/recent actions when the time is not mentioned).
eg:I have lost my book.
I have lost my book yesterday(incorrect).
I have never known him to be angry.
*To express an action beginning at some time in the past and continued up to the present moment(with ‘since’ and ‘for’ phrases).
eg:My friends have lived here since 2017.
We have not seen you since january.
*If someone asks a question ‘have you taken breakfast’ (12 a.m to 12 p.m then we have to replay them,yes, I have taken breakfast)
If someone asks the same question after 12p.m then the answer is yes,I took/had breakfast.
4.Present perfect continuous tense:
sub+have/has been+v4+obj
*In this tense we use the following words
since 8 o’clock,since monday,since 2020,for 2 hours,for 2days,for 5 weeks,for 4 months etc.
Note:
*’since’ can be used for point of time,name of the day/month/year.
‘for’ can be used for period of time,number of days/months/years.
*To express an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing in the present and the future for a while.
eg:They have been learning English since 5th april,2022.(They are still learning).
*This tense also used for an action already completed.In such cases the continuity of the activity is emphasized as an explanation of something.
eg:Why do you look dull?
I have been working on system for 8 hours.
Why is she so happy?
She has been doing meditation and yoga.
Why are your clothes so wet?
I have been getting wet in the rain.
Past Tense:
5.Simple past tense:
sub+v2+obj or sub+did+v1+obj
*To express an action completed in the past using past time.
eg:Priyansh and his mother left this place 2 weeks ago.
*The following words can be used in this tense.
Yesterday,day before yesterday,last night,last week,last month,last year,last sunday,last time,two years ago,yesterday morning,movement ago and so on.
*To express an action completed in the past without using past time when the past time is either implied or indicated by the context.
eg:I was in Delhi last year.I learnt Hindi there.
I did not sleep well(i.e last night).
*The simple past is also used for past habits.
eg:He always carried an umbrella.
We played badminton in our school days.
*To describe the past events.
eg:Snake disappeared from the scene in no time.
6.Past Continuous tense:
sub+was/were+v4+obj
*To express an action going on at some time in the past,using past time.
eg:Students were quarrelling this morning.
She was studying third class last year.
*In this tense we use the following words.
At 12 o’clock yesterday,at that time,while,last sunday,last week,last month,last year and so on.
eg: I was sleeping at 2 o’clock yesterday.
*To express an action going on at some time in the past without using past time when the past time is either implied or indicated by the context.
eg:It was getting darker.
He went to japan 2 years ago. I was learning japanese there.
*This tense is also used with always,continually,etc. for persistent habits in the past.
eg:He was always grumbling.
*To express the ‘past continuous’ in combination with the ‘simple past’ is used for the new action.
eg:When i saw him, he was playing tennis.
When you came i was sleeping.
*To express the ‘past continuous’ in combination with another ‘past continuous ‘when two longer actions were taking place simultaneously.
eg:My sister was playing when my brothers were studying.
7.Past Perfect Tense:
sub+had+v3+obj
*If two actions happened in the past,to indicate which action happened earlier than than the other.The ‘past perfect ‘ is used in one clause and the ‘simple past’ in the other.
eg:The doctor treated the patient only after he had taken the fees.
*To express the ‘past perfect’ and the ‘simple past’ using appropriate conjunctions.
eg:After i had brushed my teeth, I siped coffee.
He had died before doctor came.
*The following words can be used in this tense.
By this time yesterday,by 7 o’clock yesterday.
eg:We had reached there by 7 o’clock yesterday.
*Unfulfilled desires of the past.
eg:I wish, I had listened to my father’s advice.
If only she had not wasted her time.
8.Past perfect continuous tense:
sub+had been+v4+obj
*The following words can be used in this tense.
From monday to saturday,last week,from january to march last year,from 2017 to 2022.
*To express an action which began before a certain point in the past and continued up to that time.
eg:When Mr.Murali came to the school in 2018, Sukanya had already been teaching there for five years.
Future Tense:
9Simple Future Tense:
sub+shall/will+v1
*To express a future action or state with future time.
eg:I will go there tomorrow.
The following words can be used in this tense.
Tomorrow,day after tomorrow,next week,after 10 days,after 5 years,next sunday,next month and so on.
eg:Sumitha will visit Taj mahal next sunday.
*To express an action that takes place in future without using future time when the future time is either implied or indicated by the context.
eg:We will celebrate Gandhi Jayanthi.(on 2nd october).
*To express a future action or state in combination with the ‘simple present tense’ i.e (if clause/probable condition).
eg:If you ask me,I shall help you.
*The simple future tense is used to talk about things which we can not control.It expresses the future.
eg:He will be twenty five next friday.
We will know our exam results in May.
10.Future continuous tense:
sub+shall/will+be+v4+obj
*The following words can be used in this tense.
At 2 o’clock tomorrow,At noon tomorrow,by this time tomorrow,next sunday,next month,next summer,next year by this time.
*To express an action which will be in progress at a time in the future.
eg:This time tomorrow I will be sitting on the beach on singapore.
*We also use this tense to talk about actions in the future which are already planned or which are expected to happen in the normal course of things.
eg:The postman will be coming soon.
*To express an action which will be in progress without using future time when the future time is either implied or indicated by the context.
eg:We shall be preparing a software design for a college.
*To express the ‘future continuous’ in combination with the ‘simple present’.
eg:When you come at 6 o’clock this morning,your sister will be learning the bharatha natyam.
11.Future perfect tense:
sub+shall/will+have+v3+obj
*The following words can be used in this tense.
By 3’oclock tomorrow,by this time tomorrow,by the end of the week/month/year and so on.
*To speak about actions that will be completed by a certain future time.
eg:By the end of this month i will have worked here for 5 years.
I shall have written my exercise by then.
*To express the; future perfect’ in combination with the ‘simple present'(if clause)
eg:If you tell me,my will have prepared lunch to you too.
12.Future Perfect Continuous Tense:
sub+shall/will+have been+v4+obj
*The following words can be used in this tense.
For-by,from 2017 to 2019
*To express an action which will be in progress over a period of time that will end in the future.
eg:We will have been playing cricket for 2 hours by 7p.m.
We shall have been learning English for 5 years by the end of this month.
Exercise:
1.I’m sure I_______him at the party last night.
a.saw b.have seen c.had seen d.sees
ans: A
2.The baby _____all morning.
a.cries b.has been crying c.cried d.was crying
ans:B
3.Ashok fell off the ladder when he________the roof.
a.is mending b.was mending c.mended d.will be mending
ans: B
4.Here are your shoes;I______them.
a.just clean b.just cleaned c.have just cleaned d.had just cleaned
ans: C
5.The train _____before we reach the station.
a.will have arrived b.arrives c.will arrive d.arrived
ans:A
Vocabulary of the day:
1.Manslaughter(n)=killing someone by accident.
2.Flawless(adj)=without imperfections or defects; perfect.
3.Nostalgic(adj)=feeling,evoking.
4.Exquisite(adj)=Extremely beautiful and delicate.
5.Hooliganism(n)=Being violent or aggressive on purpose;often used to describe youth.
